Unit+2-+Biochemistry

=Unit 2: Biochemistry=

===Target I: Compare and contrast chemical bonds (ionic and covalent) with intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces). Rank them in order of strength and describe the behavior of valence electrons.=== Brightstorm, Intermolecular Forces (Youtube)- Comparison of both types of bonds and three types of IMFs.

Target II: Differentiate between nonpolar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds. Describe how electronegativity differences between atoms affect the polarity of a molecule.
Polar vs. Nonpolar (St. Louis Community College)- Read through the "Polar Covalent Bond" section for the good stuff.

===Target III: Identify and discuss the 4 unique properties of water (cohesion, moderation of temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent). Explain how water's unique polar structure and its ability to hydrogen bond are essential for living organisms and their environments.=== Crash Course Biology: Water- Liquid Awesome (Youtube)- With Hank Green. Review of all 4 properties, with links to the different topics in the "About" section. Bonus: in HD.

Target IV: Describe the properties of acids, bases, and buffers. Explain how these affect the pH scale (0-14) by discussing the mathematical relationship between H+ and OH- concentration.
Brightstorm, pH and pOH (Youtube)- Quick intro to relationship between proton and hydroxide ion concentration and pH and pOH.

===Target V: Describe how carbon's special valence electron arrangement can lead to the formation of structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers (chiral compounds). Compare and contrast each type of isomer.=== Brightstorm, Isomers (Youtube)- NOTE: Optical isomers are the same as enantiomers.

===Target VI: Identify the 7 functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl) when presented with a structural formula (drawing) of their structures. For each, describe the types of molecules they form, their functions, and their polarity.=== 7 Functional Groups Plus Phenyl (Carnegie Mellon)- Flash application. Click on each to see its properties, a short descriptions, and a dropdown menu of examples of molecules with that functional group (click in text box of description and use arrow keys to scroll if you cannot scroll with the buttons).

Target VII: Describe the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Identify the monomers, polymers, and bond names for each macromolecule.
Macromolecules, Synthesis, and Hydrolysis (W.H. Freeman)- Animations showing general properties of the three classes of macromolecules as well as how monomers and polymers form. NOTE: condensation reaction is the same as dehydration synthesis.

Target VIII: Identify the elemental composition, general formula, structural formulas (drawings), types, and functions of carbohydrates.
Bozeman Biology: Carbohydrates (Youtube)- Mr. Andersen explains everything about carbs. Also contains review on dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

Target IX: Identify the elemental composition, general formula, structural formulas (drawings), types, and functions of lipids.
Bozeman Biology: Lipids (Youtube)- Mr. Andersen explains lipids.

Target X: Identify the elemental composition, general formula, structural formulas (drawings), levels of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary), and functions of proteins.
Bozeman Biology: Proteins (Youtube)- Mr. Andersen and proteins.

=== Target XI: Describe the relationship between enzymes, coenzymes, cofactors, substrates, catalysts, and activation energy. Identify and explain the factors that affect enzyme specificity, optimization, and activity. === Bozeman Biology: Enzymes (Youtube)- Mr. Andersen explains the entire target.

Target XII: Explain the concept of denaturation and how it applies to the different levels of protein structure.
Protein Denaturation (Youtube)- In the context of cooking.

Target XIII: Explain the relationship between enzyme activity, competitive inhibitors, allosteric activators/inhibitors, and metabolism (catabolism and anabolism).
Enzyme Function and Inhibition Animation (Youtube)- Explanation on all types of inhibition. Also see 7:59-10:10 of video for target XI for more.

Created by Jeeho Lee